A Damper, also called a shock absorber, is a hydraulic device that resists suspension velocity, converting the kinetic energy of suspension movement into heat. It is important that its force responds to velocity rather than to displacement, which is the spring’s role: the damper controls how fast the suspension moves, not where it sits. Its two jobs are controlling the oscillation of the sprung mass after an input, and keeping the unsprung mass following the road surface so vertical tire load stays as constant as possible. Adjustable dampers separate bump from rebound and often low-speed from high-speed shaft velocity, which lets body control at low velocities be set independently of bump absorption at high velocities, and because damping acts only during transitions it is the primary tool for tuning transient response rather than steady-state balance.